... made many of the psychologist theories being disconfirmed, so they only depends on the popularity of their proponents than on their content. Universality is what involved with everyone. An example, "if a gay man goes into therapy for help with emotional problems, a therapist cannot logically conclude that all gay men have emotional problems, gay men who are not in therapy would have to be studied." (Tavis & Wade. 2000) The last topic is the Retrospective accounts and fallible memories of patients. Psychodynamic theorists worked in backward that are based on themes in adult's recollections of childhood to find the origins of their emotional problems. "It creates the illusion of causality between the events." (Tavis & Wade, 2000) As putting together psychodynamic theories, the tracing of evolution begins from Freud's and it influenced on other people like Jung, Horney, Erikson and Adler. However, Psychodynamic theories are basically the study of ...

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