... difficulties under which Egyptian universities have been laboring. Such difficulties include the ever-increasing economic hardships encountered by all sectors of the Egyptian society, heavy-handedness of the bureaucracy in managing academic affairs, the ever-worsening ratio of the number of students to the number of instructors, etc. (Reid, 1990, p. 174). With all these factors adversely affecting the academic climate, it is no wonder that the quality of the academic end products, psychology included, comes out less than satisfactory. 3. The fact that university departments of psychology in Egypt form part of faculties of arts imposes serious limitations on the normal development of the discipline. Moreover, it harms (though in an oblique way) the professional image of the discipline, since it remains in a grey area lying somewhere between literary studies (supposedly of an armchair and speculative nature) and scientific disciplines proper. 4. Some sort of chronic conflict has been going on since the ...

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