... should be as rigorous as any other science and he equated science with number and quantification. He conducted the testing in 1914-1918 and conducted it on over 1.75 million army recruits. The three types of intelligence tests Yerkes used were Army Alpha; a written test for literate recruits, Army Beta; a pictorial test for men who were illiterate or who failed the alpha, and an Individual Examination; an individual spoken test for men who failed the Beta. The Alpha test had eight parts, such as analogies, filling in the missing number, and unscrambling a sentence. The Beta test had seven parts including running a maze, number work and the picture completion task. Yerkes believed the tests measured 'Native intellectual ability', which is intelligence that is unaffected by culture or education. According to Yerkes the average mental age of White American males was 13. This was just above the level of 'moronity'. As ...

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