... BMDH, is Spitz (1945) study where Spitz studied children raised in very poor South African orphanages, where the staff in the orphanages were over-worked and thus, showed no affection to the children and Spitz found that the orphans showed anaclitic depression. Thus, this supports BMDH as it reinforces the idea that pro-longed separation may lead to effects such as depression. Additionally, Bowlby's (1946) Juvenile Thieves study supports BMDH as Bowlby found that 86% of the thieves classified as affection-less 'psychopaths' experienced frequent separations thus this supports BMDH as it again found a correlation between deprivation and negative emotional consequences. However, there are several studies, which seem to disagree with BMDH such as. Hodges & Tizard (1989) criticises BMDH as Bowlby argued that after two and a half years the infant wouldn't be able to form an attachment. Whereas Hodges & Tizard found that this wasn't the case, that actually children could ...

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