... is doing. 2) As a bureaucracy increases in size, its resources are increasingly consumed in internal management and control. Therefore fewer resources are available for task implementation. 3) Officials delay implementation of policies that affect them adversely, and accelerate those which benefit them. Since it is difficult to know the precise effect of many policies, this results in a marked resistance to speedily implementing any policy - the status quo is always preferable. Therefore the bureaucracy will always frustrate change. 4) Any attempt to impose control one large organisation tends to generate another. Therefore bureaucracies naturally tend to expand, as additional layers of management are created in an attempt ton control them. 5) Bureaucracies fight among themselves for resources and responsibilities. Conflict is inherently inefficient. Niskanan's theory of bureaucracy is based on the standard neo-classical assumption that rational individuals seek to maximise their individual well being. In a bureaucracy this is best achieved by increasing ...

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