... was quite the opposite for the industrial workers, who had to work long hours, in dangerous conditions, at very low pay. The rapid growth in industrialisation eventually led to overcrowding in the cities. In 1904 a war broke out between Japan ...

... policy of repression was used to get rid of those who still challenged the government. More importantly, the army did not go over to the side of the rebels. The threat of a general mutiny following the mutiny aboard the ...

... incompetent Tsar. All of this together with the previous inabilities of the Tsarist government such as the lack and failure to reform culminated in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the eventual fall of the Tsarism. The war imposed great strains ...

... been given land. The Provisional Government was mainly made up of middle class liberals and led by Prince Lvov, perhaps its downfall was inevitable because it was so closely linked with the previous regime, and as Order No. 1 issued ...

... his father's throne, Alexander III, when his father died from liver disease on 20 October 1894. Nicholas was 26. The same year Nicholas married Princess Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt, the grand daughter of Queen Victoria. Alexandra played a huge part in ...

... not got the independence of speech. The image shows Stalin attempting to perform suicide, as he was talking in his sleep. The statue is the head of Karl Mark, the man who started the idea of Leninism. The creator ...

... not got the independence of speech. The image shows Stalin attempting to perform suicide, as he was talking in his sleep. The statue is the head of Karl Mark, the man who started the idea of Leninism. The creator ...

... in keeping autocratic rule. This active repression helped Alexander in the 1890's when he controlled many terrorist groups in Russia but it did not aid the peasantry. Alexander III caused more silent uproar when the 1891 famine struck. The idea ...

... the terrorist group land of liberty were very much against the limitations to the reforms, wanting complete autonomy; as Mc manners suggests, " By dabbling in freedom the autocracy had demonstrated its own obsolescence without being able to adapt itself ...

... factors that led to the radical phase was the external event whereby with the Declaration of Pillnitz and Manifesto war break out between the Great Powers , Belgium, Holland against the revolutionary army. Internal event; revolt of the non-juring priest ...

... 'Decembrists' (a group of army officers) who supported Constantine with a passion. However, Nicholas I was stubborn and very apparent as to his stance on change, he firmly rejected it. He refused to free the Serfs and put down 500 peasant ...

... historians agree that collectivised Russian agriculture did not present a great improvement. Ward states that "By the early 1940's, 50 million Soviet Citizens were still reliant on ration cards for their daily bread and meat production did not reach pre-collectivised ...

... demand for change. Tsar Alexander II reformed many important things that improved people's lives greatly, but there is still a lot of evidence that shows Alexander had failed to satisfy the people. One main sign that people are not dissatisfied ...

... big factor. Part of the poverty, obviously was hunger. Russians didn't even have the basics like bread, which was the staple diet, especially during winter 1916-1917, where the weather was extremely cold. Winter nights were 18 hours long and people ...

... as a great power. La Harpe, a French liberal, had tutored Alexander and this had resulted in him having some very liberal ideas. However, despite his positive attitude towards reform in other European countries, its implementation of these reforming tendencies ...

... this was a compromise which was necessary in order to keep himself from the Western Powers criticism. However, by setting up the 'Committee of National Liberation' he was able to cover up the extent of Communist control over Poland by ...

... a solution for ensuring a good food supply. Therefore he came up with the idea of collectivisation. This was that in selected areas peasants had to join their small farms together and form larger farms. These "collectives" were sometimes as ...

... began. For example, 'collectivisation' and 'industrialisation' featured murder on a massive scale. In 1928, there was subtle evidence of opposition to Stalin and his plans when the peasantry did not agree with the 'collectivisation' and as a result thousands of ...

... which faced a harsh decline in their status. Therefore society was threatened by two internal forces, which already existed in the 18th century but due to the economical crisis were now more emphasized. The first force was the hostility between ...

... when initially establishing power. Marxist theory suggested that workers in Russia had more in common with the same class of people in another country than the Russian aristocracy or elite. Thus, for Communism to work, the noble and elite classes ...

... from the Mir as the land was redistributed annually so there was no incentive to improve it. Peasants were also much poorer than before thus, there was no stability of tenure. This conveys that agriculture in Russia still remained backward. The ...

... the morale and opinions of the Army, which had been tainted from the Crimean War, as they believed that it would be a quick and easy victory. However, they were proved wrong and after a humiliating defeat the government's incompetence ...

... pass any laws without the Tsars approval and could also be dismissed by him at any time without question giving it very little power. The Fundamental laws agreed to the existence of the Duma but it only managed to pass ...

... strikers who demanded trade union rights. The Cossack, ordered by the Tsar, shot 270 miners during this strike. This shows that the Tsar doesn't listen to others and he always resorts to violence to deal with problems. The source also ...

... resulted in countless striking by the working class in St. Petersburg, Moscow and Warsaw. In February, decrees were issued by Nicholas II to try and quell opposition: they promised the "participation" by the people in government, notably through the Dumas ...