... hotel are protected at their base by a sea wall. The main problem, he said, was probably heavy rain which penetrated layers of sand and gravel in the cliffs, lubricating the clay which had cracked in hot weather. "There is a long history of cliff movements in the area," Mr Clements said. "According to local records, the first Scarborough spa was carried away by a landslide in 1770, while the Holbeck cliffs suffered a major slip in 1912. Cliff stabilisation schemes were carried out further north at Whitby in the 1980's and at Robin Hood's Bay in the 1970's. In the fishing village of Staives, the breakwaters were recently raised. Pressure for further protection has run up against the obstacle of expense. "The cost of protecting these cliffs is phenomenal." Mr Clements said. "The work at Whitby cost £3.4 million." Most developed areas around Scarborough have seawalls but this is ...

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