... a large amount of fresh water is discharged for long periods of time in a year. For example, the Sunderbans mangrove forest of West Bengal, which receives fresh water from the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra throughout the year, harbours the highest number of mangrove plant species. The forest is also very thick and the height of the trees is very high. In the Pichavaram and Muthupet mangroves, which receive only low amounts of Joint Mangrove Management in Tamil Nadu 4 fresh water, that too only for a few months in a year, the number of plant species present is very low and the height of the trees is also very low. The area of the mangrove wetland is determined by tidal amplitude (difference between high tide and low tide) and the slope of the coastline. For example, tidal amplitude in the Sunderbans mangroves is about 4.8 m and the slope of the coast is also very gentle. As a result, seawater reaches up to 90 ...

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