... H is the amount of enthalpy (heat energy), M is the mass of the water, 4.2 is the specific temperature capacity of water (the amount of joules required to heat water by 1°C and Delta T is the waters change in temperature. I will need to ensure that I conduct the experiments safely. As alcohols are very dangerous and highly flammable I will wear my safety goggles at all times. I will need to keep all lose items off clothing tucked in. the lids on the alcohol's must be kept on at all times to prevent evaporation or any spillage's. Apparatus * Retort Stand * Clamp * Copper container * 25ml measuring cylinder * Selection of fuels, methanol, butanol, ethanol and pentanol * Thermometer * Water * Heat proof mat Method * Collect and set up apparatus as shown in the diagram * Measure 20ml of water in the measuring cylinder * Pour into copper container * Place thermometer in the water and measure ...

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