... the number of joules required to heat one gram of water by 1ºC. Water will be used and it has the specific heat capacity of 4.2. The bonds that are formed in an exothermic reaction can be of two types. The first could be ionic, where a metal is produced. Ionic bonding involves electrons transferring from one atom to the other consequently leaving an electrostatic force between them. The other form of bonding is covalent where atoms share electrons to complete their outer orbit. An example being Methane where four hydrogen atoms each share an electron with a carbon atom. Hypothesis The calculations below show how much energy I think will be required and given out by each alcohol. This will help me try to guess what alcohol should require the least energy to heat the water from 18 degrees to 60. All the alcohols have the same bonds and differ only because ...

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