... to take molecules apart. The forces between molecules are called intermolecular forces. The stronger the attractions between particles (molecules or ions), the more difficult it will be to separate the particles. When substances melt, the particles are still close to one another but the forces of attraction that held the particles rigidly together in the solid state have been sufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. When substances boil, the particles are completely separated from one another and the attractions between molecules are completely overcome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and to boil, and thus disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from the environment surrounding the material. If you place a piece of ice in your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placed on a cold counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comes from your hand, your ...

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