... and quality increases and seeds are blown into the area. These seeds germinate and the area becomes colonised with grasses and herbaceous plants. These grasses and herbaceous plants add humus to the soil and it becomes more nutrient-rich and deeper. Shrubs and tree seedlings become established and faster growing trees being to dominate the area, because they can tolerate shallower soils. These trees also add humus to the soil and larger trees begin to grow. These trees are taller and slower at growing but they begin to dominate because they are able to complete more successfully for light. This is the climax community and it has been reached by first colonisation of the rock by the pioneer community, which in this case was lichens, and then by the process of succession. Another example of the processes of colonisation and succession leading to the establishment of a climax community is ...

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