... to the metal to form a Complex. The compound that is suitable for Ligand of copper is dissolved in an organic solvent like kerosene, which is immiscible (will not mix) in water. When mixed with water the following reaction takes place: Cu²+(aq) + 2LH(organic) CuL2(organic) + 2H+(aq) (Where L represents the Ligand) This basically removes the copper ions from the water where they are in low concentration, and transfers them to the solvent where they are in high concentration. To further increase the concentration of the Cu2+ ions, this reaction can be reversed, i.e. mixing the copper/solvent complex with a small amount of acid. This reversible reaction depends on the concentration of H+ ions. If it is wrong, the reaction will not take place. (Ref 1) Extraction of Gold Bacterial Oxidation is the process used to extract gold. As gold is found within minerals and in very small amounts, the mineral reduces the yield of gold. So, ...

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