... moving freely. This, in effect, reduces the concentration of water molecules. In Fig. 11 the sugar molecules on the right have captured half the water molecules. There are more free water molecules on the left of the membrane than on ...

... of a range of possible apparatus for cutting the potato I decided to use a cork borer. There was also a range of sizes that the cork borer came in I decided to use the size 6 version. This cut ...

... million years. Many arrive much sooner- some within a few years. * The next question: Could microbes aboard survive ejection and impact? To escape a planet's gravity, a rock must accelerate from zero to at least 11,500 miles per hour in ...

... of the above approaches have disadvantages such as the ADH based on the larvae from egg to adulthood has more inconsistency than one from egg to young larvae. Also some forensic scientists notice that in some cases live larvae samples ...

... results i get are correct and not just got by luck. This result table ensures that i can get the best results possible. Evaluation I think that the procedure was suitable for our purposes and with the apparatus available gained good accurate ...

... When exposed to light, the solanine concentration increases by about ten times. Simultaneously, the chlorophyll is produced, which changes the surface to green in colour. The formation of chlorophyll has no effect on the increase of solanine, however, the conditions ...

... a potato catalase as a catalyst. Prediction I predict that as the substrate concentration goes up of Hydrogen peroxide, that the rate of reaction will also increase with the calalase until the solution cannot dissolve anymore substrate. Initial Method 1. Prepare boiling ...

... Stopclock * Beaker-250 cm³ * Water (approximately 250 cm³) Control Sample * Small test tube * 5 x Boiled potato slices * Boiling Tube * Test tube * 3 cm³ prepared buffered solution of pH 4 * 2cm³ Hydrogen Peroxide * Rubber Bung * Glass Delivery Tube * Rubber tubing * Stopclock * Beaker-250 ...

... that the peptic bonds formed between the amino acids will not be formed correctly or not at all, therefore the polypeptide chain will have been disrupted thus altering the overall shape of the enzyme and its active site. Therefore, the ...

... means I always get the same amount of potato cut. I will then fill up a measuring cylinder and place it upside down in the water bath and place the collector tube inside the cylinder. I will cut up the ...

... knowledge of enzymes in general and of Catalase more specifically l have formed my hypotheses, which l will test in my investigation. THE EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION ON THE ACTION OF CATALASE ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; PLANNING AIM; to determine how ...

... peroxide is used in restoring the original colours to paintings. It is also used as a source of oxygen in the fuel mixture for many rockets and torpedoes. As a reducing agent it reacts only with such easily reduced chemicals ...

... of enzyme concentration on the rate of catalyse activity. Prediction I predict that if I increase the enzyme concentration this will increase the rate of catalyse activity because there will be more active sites for reactions, resulting in more chemical reactions caused ...

... using Benedict's Reagent. Result: brick-red colour formed - reducing sugar is now present 12. Repeat the entire procedure many times to verify the results 13. Conclusion: amylase converts starch to reducing sugar. Only when amylase is present does starch disappear ...

... interfere wit the reaction) , then the liver mixed with sand was transferred to a test tube with 2cm in depth of H2O2 like the rest of them, the results were then observed and recorded. In fifth experiment a piece of ...

... in tube B. Working on a white tile, cut 6 cylinders of potato tissue out of a large potato using a cork borer. Work in the same direction. Cut all 6 to exactly the same length, eg 50mm, 60mm etc. ...

... of potato * Surface area of potato * Amount of sunlight * Length of time * Type of potato * Temperature The variables that I changed were: * Concentration of sucrose/ water solution. Preliminary work We did a preliminary experiment to check that the measurements and amount time would ...

... that of the cell, the water would flow out of the cell into the solution. In this case the external solution would be known as hypertonic to the solution in the cell. If the cell has the same solute concentration ...

... the percentage change gets lower the more concentrated the salt solution is. This is because the potato absorbed the water due to Osmosis and therefore gained weight. But if the solution contains sodium chloride the water potential of the potato ...

... oxygen. One way in which we can provide the activation energy to start this reaction is to add an enzyme (catalase) Catalase lowers the activation energy and, as a result, the reaction will take place at the much lower temperatures ...

... applied by over tightening the clamps. The equipment could fall out if the clamps are not tightened enough. The stand could over balance if it is not placed on a firm base or if it the weight of the apparatus ...

... turgid. Turgidity is when lots of water gets in to the cell. The cell swells up and the cell membrane expands and stretches. Sometimes an organism needs to move dissolved substances from a region where they are in Low concentration, ...

... dead cell wall. This cell membrane is a thin layer of cytoplasm and allows the cell to control the products that come through and go out. For example the cell membrane allows only substances like water, glucose and water are allowed ...

... in principle this technique could be applied to any plant tissue. Apparatus * Boiling tubes x6 * Boiling tube rack * Wax pencil * Cork borer * Razor blade or sharp knife * White tile * Root/tuber * Filter papers * Forceps * Balance to 0.001g * Distilled water * 1.0 mol sucrose ...

... likely to leave. Low water potential is when the water is less likely to leave. The water potential for water potential is arbitrarily given value 0. Solute Potential of cell contents (?s) is only slightly affected by dilution as water enters the ...