... offender, although prison is now seen as the last resort, it is still the main form of punishment. Incapacitation advocates the protection of society by removing criminals from the rest of society therefore preventing the chances of them committing further crimes, but this does not necessarily deter them from further offending upon their release. The Penalty system involves institutions and agencies such as prisons and probation services, but it also incorporates other social factors such as economical stability, political, intellectual and cultural conditions. Penal transformation in modes of punishment and social control meant that prisoners had to undergo a process of penance in order to pay back for their crimes, they were classified into groups according to their crimes and put to work and they had to work their hardest. They were to virtually finance themselves by working in the prisons on products and services advantageous to the rest of society. ...

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