... of a being force that transcends the material aspects of life and gives a deep sense of wholeness/connectedness to the universe. Spirituality is the core characteristic of healthy people, and the source of all dimensions of wellness. Positive thoughts and optimism are components of spirituality. A distinction is made between spirituality, a broad concept representing one's beliefs and values, and religiosity, a narrower concept that refers to institutional beliefs and behaviours. Religiosity is a public matter, whereas spirituality is more private. The second life task is self-direction, which is the manner in which an individual regulates, disciplines, and directs the self in daily activities and in pursuit of long-range goals. It refers to be mindful and intentional in meeting the major life tasks. The patterns of behaviour and the methods of adjustment to life that make up self-direction are referred to as "positive personality traits", and they act as buffers ...

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