... depression. Scientific and technological advances are required in this area before research can be more conclusive. The psychological models offer the major explanations of the causes of depression. With the psychodynamic model, it is stated that depression is a reaction to actual or symbolic loss e.g. a friend or job, respectively. Freud stated that greater loss and grief during childhood increased susceptibility and the depth of depression experienced. However, Crook and Eliot '80 found little evidence of a connection between early loss and risk of depression in later life. The behavioural model demonstrates learned helplessness in Seligman's '67 study. In this experiment, dogs were subjected to unavoidable electric foot shocks and then avoidable ones. The dogs had learnt in the first condition that they could not escape and thereafter did not try to escape from the second, as they believed the same to be true. This behaviour appears to show great resemblance ...

See this essay or coursework document in full right now