... have any deep relationships. The children, in general, were more attention-seeking and more indiscriminately affectionate than non-institutional children. At age 8: Most of the ex-institutional children had formed close attachments with their parents or adopted parents. The children's teachers reported that the ex-institutional children still tended to be more attention-seeking and also more 'over-friendly' than 'normal' peers. They also tended to be unpopular, but did not lag cognitively when compared to 'normal' peers. At age 16 two important findings emerged: 1. Relationships within the family: in general the adopted children were about as closely attached to their parents as the control group, whereas the 'restored' group were less likely to be closely attached. 2. Peer relationships: All the ex-institutional adolescents were less likely to have a special friend, to be part of a crowd, or to be liked by other children. They were also more quarrelsome and more likely to be bullies. Conclusion- The findings at age 4 ...

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