... as learning, since they are essentially private and therefore cannot be observed. Hence, behaviour is observed and studied. Biologists mainly concern themselves with brain and the nervous system and their relation to our behaviour. Cognitive theories stress the active process involved in learning, whereas the phenomenological perspective concerns the active nature of the learner. It is important that learning is viewed in a holistic way so that the foundation of the way of thinking lie in the individual having grasped the conclusions from their own perspective. This is because there is then an active learning process that occurs rather than a passive teacher-led perspective that enables learning. The distinguishing characteristic of adult learning is the self-directed nature of the learning. Hayes 1998 suggests the nature of child learning to be dominated by Piaget's ideas. Children engage in imitating other people in a reflective manner as a learning process. Thus a child's learning ...

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