... reverse position to understand the origin, function and development of the child's early socio-emotional relations. His early research concluded that the development of a "warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother" Bowlby, (1953) cited in Gross (2000) p550, was crucial for the infant to achieve successful close and personal relationships as an adult. Highlighting the importance of "monotropy" he posited that, without a secure attachment, specifically to the mother, through absence or severe disruption, behavioural and emotional problems would follow in later life and that "individuals suffering from any type of psychiatric disorder always show an impairment of the capacity for affectional bonding" frequently due to interference of bonding in childhood, Bowlby (1969) cited in Rutter (1991) p15. However, the political implications of the era in which it was developed cannot be ignored with men returning from war and needing jobs back! In contrast, Freud & Dann (1951) found ...

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