... give an authoritive interpretation. Around the start of the 20th century a period of dual federalism came into play, where the Federal government and states work in partnership with separate and well defined responsibilities it was thought that the federal government could avoid conflict and co-operation with state and local governments, as J Bryce quoted; "It is like a great factory wherein two sets of machinery are at work, their revolving wheels apparently intermixed, their bands crossing one another, yet each doing it own work without touching or hampering the other." This is also known as layer-cake federalism. Duel federalism continued until the great depression where a huge amount of expectation came on the federal government, to deal with the major economic problems countrywide. F. Roosevelt set-up alphabet agencies and grant-in-aid schemes. This created a huge expansion of federal and state government. FDR's new deal entailed a shift of some responsibility to the ...

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