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... the most likely disorders to have biological causes, and somatic therapies are seen as correcting an underlying biological imbalance. Electroconvulsive therapy is widely used today, but continues to attract controversy (Baldwin & Jones, 1998; Johnstone, 1999). Even by the 1970s many standard psychiatric texts did not address ECT with children or adolescents, while others included brief references to possible clinical indications for administration. A paucity of training courses regarding ECT exists for health professionals as well as nonmedical mental health workers, who often hold responsible clinical or administrative positions (Kramer, 1999). Education and experience in the use of ECT result in a more positive attitude toward ECT as a viable treatment option for clients with refractory mood disorders and psychotic disorders (Baldwin & Jones, 1998; Finch, Sobin, Carmody, DeWitt, & Shiwach, 1999; Gass, 1998; Hermann, Ettner, Dowart, Hoover, & Yeung, 1998). The belief held by many outside the mental health ...