... mode. Due to the personal nature of speech it is customary to use personal register, for example, current jokes or nicknames, and colloquial idioms e.g. 'the thing is', 'as far as I can see'. Abbreviations may also be used when a high level of familiarity is established. It is highly unlikely that you will come across such familiar terms in the written mode. Grammar within spoken language tends to be more relaxed and fairly simple, while grammar in the written mode is a key element and requires thought. Speech usually includes minor sentences and straightforward noun phrases. In contrast, written language is more formal which introduces both complex sentences and noun phrase. This is the reason why speech is a quicker and brief method of communication. Due to the spontaneity of speech there is likely to be non-fluency features. The most common of these features are voiced hesitation and fillers. Voiced ...

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