... phone card, it contained the total amount of "cash" available against which calls could be made. So basically - he made a one-time payment against the amount that he could use for his phone calls. The total cash available was coded into the microprocessor chip embedded in the smart card. Next, whenever a user made a phone call, the bill amount was charged to the card => it was debited from the total cash available. Essential Parts Of Smart Cards: Microprocessor: A typical smart card has a small microprocessor chip embedded in it. A microprocessor is a programmed silicon chip that is coded with all the various instructions required to perform the desired processing and output. Memory: Smart cards were introduced to store about 4K-8 K memories. However, with increased development there are new smart cards holding 32Kb to 4Mb of non-volatile data. Operating System: Smart Card chips hold an operating system - ...

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