... papers, how many slots do you need?). Organising you data in to different files or tables allows greater flexibility. Organising your data can be a difficult process, particularly with large systems with hundreds of tables. There are methods of analysis, which help us to avoid these problems. Consistency Each data item should be stored only once to ensure consistency of data. If an item of data is stored in several locations, it may be that not all of them are updated when the data changes. This causes inconsistency. Redundancy of data Redundancy is the repetition of the same pieces of data on many records. An example of this can be seen on a basic order form. The customer's name and address is often requested. If the customer places orders regularly, the name and address would be entered on each form. If the forms are keyed in to a database, the same address is entered time ...

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