... files b) direct access files 16. How does overflow occur in direct access files? 17. Explain EFTPOS. What is its main advantage to the customer over credit cards? 18. State and briefly describe the five stages of the system life cycle. 19. Explain security, privacy and integrity of data, making clear the difference between them. What measures may be taken to ensure each? 20. Give two advantages and two disadvantages of sequential over direct access files. 21. A particular indexed sequential file has a two level index. Explain how a record will be accessed, ignoring overflow. 22. How does overflow occur in indexed sequential files and how may it be handled? 23. Define hardware, peripheral, software and firmware. 24. Explain how a hash table operates. 25. Explain protocol in communications. What is a handshaking protocol? 26. Describe a merge sort. Why may a merge sort be necessary instead of a sort such as an insertion or bubblesort? 27. Which two methods are ...

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