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... control the chemical reactions occurring inside the cell. Enzymes are specific and so only one type of enzyme will only break down one particular type of substrate. The enzyme follows a lock and key model with the substrate and so if the shape of the enzyme fits into the required shape of the substrate then the enzyme will fit into the shape and break it down. The enzyme is an active site, which fits precisely with a specific substrate. For more information see page 16 in BIOLOGY for OCR A for separate award. SUBSTRATE ENZYME PRODUCT 2. When we are doing this experiment, there is a list of different variables, which we can vary from. We are only allowed to vary one variable, this is to show that it will be a fair test, and so here is a technique to show which variable ...