... at the cathedral of St. Peter's. To make art costs expenditure; the church was selling 'indulgence' to the people. Indulgences were granted by the pope to forgive individual sinners not their sins, but the temporal punishment applied to those sins. It had become a big business for the corrupted church. The breakthrough of the reform had a great impact on the arts of the western world. The Protestant initiated new values, promoting the Protestant work ethics of hard working. They became more independent. Hence, they could practice and study new profound knowledge like mathematics and science more liberally. They do not have to afraid of the power of the church anymore. The Protestant Reformation in the Northern countries, the center of art in the Northern Europe shifted to particularly in Holland and it had a ripple effect throughout many artists. Previously, the artist used to be sponsored by the ...

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